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The scalp and skin are protected from the active ingredient in the sodium hydroxide processor by a:

  1. sodium hydroxide

  2. gentian violet jelly

  3. petroleum base

  4. chemical relaxer

The correct answer is: petroleum base

Petroleum base. This option is correct because petroleum is a neutral substance that can act as a protective barrier between the skin and the active ingredient in sodium hydroxide. This helps to prevent chemical burns and irritation on the scalp and skin. Option A (sodium hydroxide) and option D (chemical relaxer) are both incorrect because they are the active ingredients in the sodium hydroxide processor and are responsible for straightening the hair, not protecting the skin. Option B (gentian violet jelly) is also incorrect because it is an antiseptic dye that is used to treat fungal infections, and does not provide any type of protective barrier for the skin.